The recent wave of border control measures across Europe reflects growing concerns over mass migration and the perceived threat of terrorism, particularly jihadist activities. Ten European nations, including Germany and France, have reintroduced police checks at their borders, citing security risks linked to irregular migration and terrorist infiltration. This marks a significant shift from the Schengen Agreement’s principle of free movement, established in 1957, as countries respond to what they describe as urgent threats to public safety.
According to a June 2024 Europol report, the EU saw 58 terrorist attacks in 2024—34 completed, five failed, and 19 foiled—across 14 member states. Of these, 24 were classified as jihadist terrorism, up from 14 the previous year, making it the most lethal form, with five fatalities and 18 injuries. Additionally, 449 individuals were arrested for terror-related offenses, with 133 being youths under 20, a trend linked to online radicalization and mental health issues. Germany and France, key players in these border measures, have cited specific concerns about Islamist extremism. Germany began stricter controls in September 2024, detecting nearly 900 unauthorized entries in just five days, while France followed suit in November 2024, targeting borders with six Schengen neighbors due to “serious threats” from terrorism and migration flows. Italy, Sweden, and others have also tightened controls, pointing to persistent threats from Islamist groups and the challenges of managing migration from conflict zones like the Middle East.
The narrative around these measures often ties migration to security risks. For instance, reports highlight that 19 suspected terrorists linked to groups like the Islamic State entered Britain via small boats across the Channel, exploiting routes through Europe. Critics argue these controls are partly political, aimed at appeasing far-right sentiments, as seen in Germany where the Christian Democrats, led by Friedrich Merz, push for permanent border controls ahead of elections. However, the measures have strained EU unity, with Austria refusing to accept migrants turned away by Germany, and the European Commission warning that such checks should be a last resort.
Despite these efforts, the UK faces unique challenges. Posts on X and media reports suggest that while European nations tighten their borders, some terrorists may be heading to Britain, exploiting its position outside the Schengen zone and its maritime borders. A 2023 Daily Mail report noted that individuals linked to jihadist groups had entered Britain via small boats, raising concerns about lax border enforcement. The UK Home Office has responded with agreements with France and Germany to curb Channel crossings and seize smuggling equipment, but public sentiment on X reflects skepticism about the UK’s ability to address these threats effectively.
This situation underscores a broader tension: balancing security with the EU’s commitment to open borders, while the UK grapples with its post-Brexit border vulnerabilities. The data suggests a real increase in jihadist activity, but the scale of the “terrorist threat” tied to migration is debated, with some arguing it’s exaggerated for political gain.
